Sunday, December 13, 2009

Pillar of Pompay


Pillar of Pompay
An approximately 25m red Aswan granite column with a circumference of 9m, was constructed in honor of the Emperor Diocletain. Originally from the temple of the Serapis, it was once a magnificent structure rivaling the Soma and the Caesareum. Nearby are subterranean galleries where sacred Apis bulls were buried, and three sphinxes. After his defeat by Julius Caesar in the civil war, Pompey fled to Egypt where he was murdered in 48 BC; mediaeval travelers later believed he must be buried here, and that the capital atop the corner served as a container for his head. In fact, the pillar was raised in honor of Diocletain at the very end of the 4th century. Diocletain captured Alexandria after it had been under siege. The Arabs called it "Amoud el-Sawari", Column of the Horsemen. The Pillar is the tallest ancient monument in Alexandria.

Tuesday, October 6, 2009

Electrical Contactor Duty cycle

IEC Contactor Utilization Categories (IEC 947-4)

AC-1 This applies to all AC loads where the power factor is at least 0.95. These are primarily non-inductive or slightly inductive loads. Breaking remains easy.
AC-2 This applies to Slip-ring motors; starting, switching off.
AC-3 This applies to squirrel cage motors where the breaking of the power contacts would occur while the motor is running. On closing, the contactor experiences an inrush which is 5-8 times the nominal current, and at this instant, the voltage at the terminals is approximately 20% or the line voltage. Breaking remains easy.
AC-4 This applies to the starting and breaking of a squirrel cage motor during an inch or plug reverse operation. On energization, the contactor closes on an inrush current approx. 5-8 times the nominal current of the motor. On de-energization, the contactor breaks the same magnitude of nominal current at a voltage that can be equal to the supply voltage. Breaking is severe.
AC-5a Switching of electric discharge lamps
AC-5b Switching of incandescent lamps
AC-6a Switching of transformers
AC-6b Switching of capacitor banks
AC-7a Slightly inductive loads in household appliances and similar applications
AC-7b Motor-loads for household applications
AC-8a Hermetic refrigerant compressor-motor control w/ manual resetting of overload releases
AC-8b Hermetic refrigerant compressor-motor control w/ automatic resetting of overload releases
DC-1 This applies to all DC loads where the time constant (L/R) is less than or equal to one msec. These are primarily non-inductive or slightly inductive loads.
DC-3 This applies to starting and breaking of a shunt motor during inching or plugging. The time constant shall be less than or equal to 2 msec. On energization, the contactor sees current similar to that in Cat. DC-2. On de-energization, the contactor will break around 2.5 times the starting current at a voltage that may be higher than the line voltage. This would occur when the speed of the motor is low because the back e.m.f. is low. Breaking is severe.
DC-5 This applies to the starting and breaking of a series motor during inching or plugging. The time constant being less that or equal to 7.5 msec. On energization, the contactor sees about 2.5 times the nominal full load current. On de-energization, the contactor breaks the same amount of current at a voltage which can be equal to the line voltage. Breaking is severe.
DC-6 Switching or incandescent lamps

Wednesday, July 15, 2009

ASPIRIN : Why Aspirin by your bed ?

Save lives ...
It is important to always have ASPIRIN in the home!!!
Why have Aspirin by your bedside ?
ABOUT HEART ATTACKS
There are other symptoms of an heart attack besides the pain on the left arm.
One must also be aware of an intense pain on the chin, as well as nausea and lots of sweating, however these symptoms may also occur less frequently.
NOTE : There may be no pain in the chest during an heart attack.
The majority of people (about 60%) who had an heart attack during their sleep, did not wake up. However, if it occurs, the chest pain may wake you up from your deep sleep.
If that happens, IMMEDIATELY DISSOLVE TWO ASPIRINS IN YOUR MOUTH and swallow them with a bit of water.
Afterwards, phone a neighbour or a family member who lives very close by and state "HEART ATTACK!!!" and that you have taken 2 ASPIRINS
Take a seat on a chair or sofa and wait for their arrival and ....
DO NOT LIE DOWN !!!
NEEDLE CAN SAVE THE LIFE OF A STROKE PATIENT : From a Chinese Professor

Keep a syringe or needle in your home to do this... It's amazing and an unconventional way of recovering from stroke, read it through it can help somebody one day..This is amazing. Please keep this very handy. Excellent tips. Do take a minute to read this. You'll never know, ones life may depend on you.My father was paralysed and later died from the result of a stroke. I wish I knew about this first aid before.When stroke strikes, the capillaries in the brain will gradually burst. (Irene Liu)When a stroke occurs, stay calm.No matter where the victim is, do not move him/her. Because, if moved, the capillaries will burst.Help the victim to sit up where he/she is to prevent him/her from falling over again and then the blood letting can begin .If you have in your home an injection syringe that would be the best.Otherwise, a sewing needle or a straight pin will do.1. Place the needle/pin over fire to sterilize it and then use it to prick the tip of all ......
10 fingers.
2. There are no specific acupuncture points, just prick about an mm from the fingernail.
3. Prick till blood comes out.
4. If blood does not start to drip, then squeeze with your fingers.
5. When all 10 digits is bleeding, wait a few minutes then the victim will regain consciousness.
6.. If the victim's mouth is crooked , then pull on his ears until they are red.
7. Then prick each earlobe twice until two drops of blood comes from each earlobe.

After a few minutes the victim should regain consciousness. Wait till the victim regains his normal state without any abnormal symptoms then take him to the hospital. Otherwise, if he was taken in the ambulance in a hurry to the hospital, the bumpy trip will cause all the capillaries in his brain to burst.If he could save his life, barely managing to walk, then it is by the grace of his ancestors.'I learned about letting blood to save life from Chinese traditional doctor, Ha Bu Ting, who lives in Sun Juke.Furthermore, I had practical experience with it. Therefore, I can say this method is 100% effective.In 1979, I was teaching in Fung Gaap College in Tai Chung.One afternoon, I was teaching a class when another teacher came running to my classroom and said in panting,'Ms Liu, come quick, our supervisor has had a stroke !'.. I immediately went to the 3rd floor.When I saw our supervisor, Mr. Chen Fu Tien, his colour was off, his speech was slurred , his mouth was crooked - all the symptoms of a stroke.I immediately asked one of the practicum students to go to the pharmacy outside the school to buy a syringe, which I used to prick Mr. Chen's 10 fingers tips.When all 10 fingers were bleeding (each with a pea-sized drop of blood), after a few minutes, Mr. Chen's face regained its colour and his eyes' spirit returned, But his mouth was still crooked . So I pulled on his ears to fill them with blood .When his ears became red ,I pricked his right earlobe twice to let out two drops of blood .When both earlobes had two drops of blood each , a miracle happened .Within 3-5 minutes the shape of his mouth returned to normal and his speech became clear.We let him rest for a while and have a cup of hot tea , then we helped him go down the stairs, drove him to Wei Wah Hospital . He rested one night and was released the next day to return to school to teach.. Everything worked normally.
There were no ill after effects.On the other hand, the usual stroke victim usually suffers Irreparable bursting of the brain capillaries on the way to the hospital. As a result, these victims never recover.' (Irene Liu)Therefore, stroke is the second cause of death. The lucky ones will stay alive but can remain paralysed for life.It is such a horrible thing to happen in ones life..If we can all remember this blood letting method and start the life saving process immediately, in a short time, the victim will be revived and regain 100% normality.IF POSSIBLE PLEASE FORWARD THIS AFTER READING . YOU NEVER KNOW IT MAY HELP SAVE A LIFE FROM STROKE